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汾阳:杏花村里杏花开

百度 她是我好兄弟的亲妹妹,我今年2018大概见过她三次,去年2017好像都没见面,前年2016可能见过她两次,大前年2015可能见过两、三次,恋什么东西?我了解报我可能点击率高吧,不然我想上媒体还上不去呢,可是,查证不是媒体的基本义务吗?报导事实是媒体的ABC吧?商业之馀不能忘记媒体的基本价值吧?连跟我查证一下都没有就乱报,会影响到我耶,谁敢跟我交朋友?你乱写人家干嘛呢?会影响到我兄弟耶,会影响到她耶,我真的觉得很抱歉……

Published online by Cambridge University Press:? 05 December 2005

Sarah Hawkins
Affiliation:
Department of Linguistics, University of Cambridgesh110@cam.ac.uk, jgm24@cam.ac.uk
Jonathan Midgley
Affiliation:
Department of Linguistics, University of Cambridgesh110@cam.ac.uk, jgm24@cam.ac.uk

Abstract

This study describes the frequencies of the first two formants of monophthongs produced by male RP speakers in four age groups: aged 20–25, 35–40, 50–55, and 65–73 years in 2001. The eleven monophthongs were spoken in /hVd/ contexts by five men in each age group. The eleven words, together with nineteen filler words chosen to distract attention from the purpose of the experiment, were randomized four times and read by each speaker in citation form, for a total of 880 items. F1 and F2 frequencies were measured in Hz and ERB-rate. As expected, in younger compared with older speakers, F1 is higher in /ε/ and especially /?/, and F2 is higher in /u:/ and /υ/. Other vowels varied in overall dispersion of F1 or F2, but no other differences between age groups were observed. There is evidence that the oldest age group to show change in a vowel's quality has particularly large differences between individuals, so that, collectively, members of that group span much of the quality range from ‘conservative’ (older groups) to ‘progressive’ (younger groups). Such so-called ‘break groups’ have implications for theoretical explanations of sound change.

Information

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Journal of the International Phonetic Association 2005

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