宁德市全力以赴争创“全省双拥模范城”五连冠
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Günther J. Redhammer
,
Lisa Koll
Abstract
百度 《白皮书》指出，2017年，各地加快推进气象防灾减灾体系建设，全国2723个县出台了气象灾害应急准备制度管理办法，2712个县出台实施了气象灾害应急专项预案，万个重点单位或村屯通过了气象灾害应急准备评估，乡镇气象信息服务站达万个，气象信息员村屯覆盖率达%。Single crystals of Cu-substituted bieberite (Co1-xCux)SO4·7 H2O have been synthesized from aqueous solution by the evaporation method. It is shown that the solubility of Cu2+ in bieberite is limited to 0.46 atoms per formula unit (apfu). Chalcantite CuSO4·5H2O only accommodates a very small amount of ~0.03 Co2+ atoms. Structure analysis by X-ray diffraction of single crystals along the join CoSO4·7H2O-CuSO4·5H2O showed that the hepta-hydrate phases are monoclinic with P21/c symmetry at room temperature, whereas the penta-hydrate phases are triclinic, P1?. Within the Co1-xCuxSO4·7H2O series (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.46), lattice parameters are distinctly altered by the Cu2+ substitution, however, the observed changes cannot be ascribed to different ionic radii of Co2+ and Cu2+ but are due to an increasing distortion of the lattice by increasing Cu2+ content. Cu2+ is not distributed randomly over the two possible crystallographic metal sites but exclusively enters the M2 site. While all the oxygen atoms coordinating the M1 site act as donors of hydrogen bonding to the sulfate tetrahedron, one oxygen atom at the M2 site is a hydrogen bond acceptor. This may cause the slight tetragonal elongation of the M2 coordination polyhedron, which favors the preferential occupation of this site by Cu2+. Optical spectra show typical features of both the Co2+ and the Cu2+ absorption signatures. While in Co2+-rich hepta-hydrate phases Co2+ absorption bands arising from both M1 and M2 sites are detected, there are only bands arising from the M1 site in Co0.54Cu0.46SO4·7H2O. This supports the observation of selective substitution of Cu2+ at the elongated M2 octahedral site. Cu2+ absorption bands can be assigned on the basis of D4h symmetry with increasing splitting of the Cu2+, 2T2g, and 2Eg energy levels with increasing Cu2+ content.
? 2015 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston
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Articles in the same Issue
- New constraints on metamorphic history of Adirondack diopsides (New York, U.S.A.): Al and δ18O profiles
- Hammadah al Hamra 193: The first amphibole-bearing winonaite
- Crystal chemistry of trioctahedral micas in alkaline and subalkaline volcanic rocks: A case study from Mt. Sassetto (Tolfa district, Latium, central Italy)
- Magnetic excitations and heat capacity of fayalite, Fe2SiO4
- The barometer tremolite + tschermakite + 2 albite = 2 pargasite + 8 quartz: Constraints from experimental data at unit silica activity, with application to garnet-free natural assemblages
- In-situ measurement of dissolution of anorthite in Na-Cl-OH solutions at 22 °C using phase-shift interferometry
- Experimental investigation of the breakdown of dolomite in rock cores at 100 MPa, 650-750 °C
- Dissolution of the (001) surface of galena: An in situ assessment of surface speciation by fluid-cell micro-Raman spectroscopy
- An infrared spectroscopic study of the OH stretching frequencies of talc and 10-? phase to 10 GPa
- Co2+-Cu2+ substitution in bieberite solid-solution series, (Co1-xCux)SO4·7H2O, 0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.46: Synthesis, single-crystal structure analysis, and optical spectroscopy
- Clinoenstatite exsolution in diopsidic augite of Dabieshan: Garnet peridotite from depth of 300 km
- Heat-pulse calorimetry measurements on natural chlorite-group minerals
- Low-temperature behavior of NaGaSi2O6
- Single-crystal elasticity of zoisite Ca2Al3Si3O12(OH) by Brillouin scattering
- The effect of valence state and site geometry on Ti L3,2 and O K electron energy-loss spectra of TixOy phases
- Characterization of defects and the local structure in natural and synthetic alunite (K, Na, H3O)Al3(SO4)2(OH)6 by multi-nuclear solid-state NMR spectroscopy
- Using a mineral lifetime diagram to evaluate the persistence of olivine on Mars
- Complexity in 15- and 30-sectors polygonal serpentine: Longitudinal sections, intrasector stacking faults and XRPD satellites
- Light-induced alteration of arsenic sulfides: A new product with an orthorhombic crystal structure
- Transmission electron microscopy study of magnetites in a freshwater population of magnetotactic bacteria
- Anomalous behavior at the I2/a to Imab phase transition in SiO2-moganite: An analysis using hard-mode Raman spectroscopy
- The system Ag-Au-Se: Phase relations below 405 K and determination of standard thermodynamic properties of selenides by solid-state galvanic cell technique
- Rhombohedral (9R) and hexagonal (6H) perovskites in barium silicates under high pressure
- Structural effects of pressure on monoclinic chlorite: A single-crystal study
- Neptunium incorporation in sodium-substituted metaschoepite
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- Symmetry and crystal structure of biaxial elbaite-liddicoatite tourmaline from the Transbaikalia region, Russia
- Letter: Onion morphology and microstructure of polyhedral serpentine
- Letter: Ion microprobe analysis of (231Pa)/(235U) and an appraisal of protactinium partitioning in igneous zircon
- Letter: Structural investigation of Mg local environments in silicate glasses by ultra-high field 25Mg 3QMAS NMR spectroscopy
- Letter: Entropies of mixing and subsolidus phase relations of forsterite?fayalite (Mg2SiO4?Fe2SiO4) solid solution
